LATANOPROST: 15,362 Adverse Event Reports & Safety Profile

11. DESCRIPTION ROCKLATAN (netarsudil and latanoprost ophthalmic solution) 0.02%/0.005% is a fixed dose combination of a Rho kinase inhibitor and a prostaglandin F 2α analogue. The chemical name of netarsudil dimesylate is: (S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-yl-amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate dimesylate. Its molecular formula is C 30 H 35 N 3 O 9 S 2 and its chemical structure is: Netarsudil mesylate is a light yellow to white powder that is freely soluble in water, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in dimethyl formamide, and practically insoluble in dichloromethane and heptane. The chemical name of latanoprost is: isopropyl-(Z)-7[1R,2R,3R,5S) 3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate. Its molecular formula is C 26 H 40 O 5 and its chemical structure is: Latanoprost is a colorless to slightly yellow oil that is very soluble in acetonitrile and freely soluble in acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, methanol, and octanol. It is practically insoluble in water. ROCKLATAN (netarsudil and latanoprost ophthalmic solution) 0.02%/0.005% is supplied as a sterile, isotonic, buffered aqueous solution of netarsudil mesylate and latanoprost with a pH of approximately 5 and an osmolality of approximately 295 mOsmol/kg. Each mL of ROCKLATAN contains 0.20 mg of netarsudil (equivalent to 0.28 mg of netarsudil dimesylate) and 0.05 mg latanoprost. Benzalkonium chloride, 0.02%, is added as a preservative. The inactive ingredients are: boric acid, mannitol, sodium hydroxide to adjust pH, and water for injection. The chemical structure of netarsudil mesylate The chemical structure of latanoprost

1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE ROCKLATAN is a fixed dose combination of a Rho kinase inhibitor and a prostaglandin F 2α analogue indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. ROCKLATAN ® is a fixed dose combination of a Rho kinase inhibitor and a prostaglandin F 2α analogue indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. ( 1 )

AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. If one dose is missed, treatment should continue with the next dose as normal. The dosage of IYUZEH should not exceed once daily; the combined use of two or more prostaglandins, or prostaglandin analogs including IYUZEH is not recommended. It has been shown that administration of these prostaglandin drug products more than once daily may decrease the IOP lowering effect or cause paradoxical elevations in IOP. Reduction of the IOP starts approximately 3 to 4 hours after administration and the maximum effect is reached after 8 to 12 hours. IYUZEH may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower IOP. In vitro studies have shown that precipitation occurs when eye drops containing thimerosal are mixed with the preserved 0.005% latanoprost reference product. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug is being used, the drugs should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart. Contact lenses should be removed prior to the administration of IYUZEH and may be reinserted 15 minutes after administration. The solution from one individual unit is to be used immediately after opening for administration to one or both eyes. Since sterility cannot be maintained after the individual unit is opened, the remaining contents should be discarded immediately after administration. One drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. ( 2 )

Known hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other ingredients in this product. Known hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other ingredients in this product. ( 4 )

REACTIONS The following adverse reactions were reported in postmarketing experience and are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:

• Iris pigmentation changes [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]
• Eyelid skin darkening [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]
• Eyelash changes (increased length, thickness, pigmentation, and number of lashes) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]
• Intraocular inflammation (iritis/uveitis) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )]
• Macular edema, including cystoid macular edema [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Most common adverse reactions (5-15%) from clinical trials are blurred vision, burning and stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, itching, increased pigmentation of the iris, and punctate keratitis. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bausch & Lomb Incorporated at 1-800-553-5340 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Latanoprost ophthalmic solution was studied in three multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trials. Patients received 50 mcg/mL latanoprost ophthalmic solution once daily or 5 mg/mL active-comparator (timolol) twice daily. The patient population studied had a mean age of 65±10 years. Seven percent of patients withdrew before the 6-month endpoint.

Table

1: Ocular Adverse Reactions and Ocular Signs/Symptoms Reported by 5–15% of Patients Receiving Latanoprost Symptom/Finding Adverse Reactions (incidence (%)) Latanoprost (n=460) Timolol (n=369) Foreign body sensation 13 8 Punctate keratitis 10 9 Stinging 9 12 Conjunctival hyperemia 8 3 Blurred vision 8 8 Itching 8 8 Burning 7 8 Increased pigmentation of the iris 7 0 Less than 1% of the patients treated with latanoprost ophthalmic solution required discontinuation of therapy because of intolerance to conjunctival hyperemia.

Table

2: Adverse Reactions That Were Reported in 1–5% of Patients Receiving Latanoprost Adverse Reactions (incidence (%)) Latanoprost (n=460) Timolol (n=369)

Ocular

Events/Signs and Symptoms Excessive tearing 4 6 Eyelid discomfort/pain 4 2 Dry eye 3 3 Eye pain 3 3 Eyelid margin crusting 3 3 Erythema of the eyelid 3 2 Photophobia 2 1 Eyelid edema 1 3 Blepharitis 1 3 Systemic Events Upper respiratory tract infection/nasopharyngitis/influenza 3 3 Myalgia/arthralgia/back pain 1

0.5 Rash/allergic skin reaction 1 0.3

6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of latanoprost ophthalmic solution in clinical practice. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The reactions, which have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, possible causal connection to latanoprost ophthalmic solution, or a combination of these factors, include: Nervous System Disorders : Dizziness; headache; toxic epidermal necrolysis Eye Disorders : Eyelash and vellus hair changes of the eyelid (increased length, thickness, pigmentation, and number of eyelashes); keratitis; corneal edema and erosions; intraocular inflammation (iritis/uveitis); macular edema, including cystoid macular edema; trichiasis; periorbital and lid changes resulting in deepening of the eyelid sulcus; iris cyst; eyelid skin darkening; localized skin reaction on the eyelids; conjunctivitis; pseudopemphigoid of the ocular conjunctiva Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders : Asthma and exacerbation of asthma; dyspnea Gastrointestinal Disorders: Nausea; vomiting Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : Pruritus Infections and Infestations : Herpes keratitis Cardiac Disorders : Angina; palpitations; angina unstable General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions : Chest pain

5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

• Pigmentation : Pigmentation of the iris, periorbital tissue (eyelid) and eyelashes can occur. Iris pigmentation likely to be permanent. ( 5.2 )
• Eyelash Changes : Gradual change to eyelashes including increased length, thickness and number of lashes. Usually reversible. ( 5.3 )

5.1 Epithelial Corneal Edema ROCKLATAN contains netarsudil which has been associated with Epithelial corneal edema, described as honeycomb or bullous, and has been reported in some patients with pre-existing corneal stromal edema or following ocular procedures that could affect corneal endothelial function. Epithelial corneal edemal typically resolves upon discontinuation of ROCKLATAN. Advise patients to notify their physician if they experience eye pain or decreased vision while using ROCKLATAN <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 ) and Patient Counselling Information ( 17 )]</span> .

5.2 Pigmentation ROCKLATAN contains latanoprost which has been reported to cause changes to pigmented tissues. The most frequently reported changes have been increased pigmentation of the iris, periorbital tissue (eyelid), and eyelashes. Pigmentation is expected to increase as long as latanoprost is administered. The pigmentation change is due to increased melanin content in the melanocytes rather than to an increase in the number of melanocytes. After discontinuation of latanoprost, pigmentation of the iris is likely to be permanent, while pigmentation of the periorbital tissue and eyelash changes have been reported to be reversible in some patients. Patients who receive treatment should be informed of the possibility of increased pigmentation.

Beyond

5 years the effects of increased pigmentation are not known. Iris color change may not be noticeable for several months to years. Typically, the brown pigmentation around the pupil spreads concentrically towards the periphery of the iris and the entire iris or parts of the iris become more brownish. Neither nevi nor freckles of the iris appear to be affected by treatment. While treatment with ROCKLATAN can be continued in patients who develop noticeably increased iris pigmentation, these patients should be examined regularly [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 ) ].

5.3 Eyelash Changes ROCKLATAN contains latanoprost which may gradually change eyelashes and vellus hair in the treated eye; these changes include increased length, thickness, pigmentation, the number of lashes or hairs, and misdirected growth of eyelashes. Eyelash changes are usually reversible upon discontinuation of treatment <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 ) ]</span>.

5.4 Intraocular Inflammation ROCKLATAN contains latanoprost which should be used with caution in patients with a history of intraocular inflammation (iritis/uveitis) and should generally not be used in patients with active intraocular inflammation because it may exacerbate inflammation.

5.5 Macular Edema Macular edema, including cystoid macular edema, has been reported during treatment with latanoprost. ROCKLATAN should be used with caution in aphakic patients, in pseudophakic patients with a torn posterior lens capsule, or in patients with known risk factors for macular edema.

5.6 Herpetic Keratitis Reactivation of Herpes Simplex keratitis has been reported during treatment with latanoprost. ROCKLATAN should be used with caution in patients with a history of herpetic keratitis. ROCKLATAN should be avoided in cases of active herpes simplex keratitis because it may exacerbate inflammation.

5.7 Bacterial Keratitis There have been reports of bacterial keratitis associated with the use of multiple-dose containers of topical ophthalmic products. These containers had been inadvertently contaminated by patients who, in most cases, had a concurrent corneal disease or a disruption of the ocular epithelial surface <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )]</span>.

5.8 Use with Contact Lenses Contact lenses should be removed prior to the administration of ROCKLATAN and may be reinserted 15 minutes after administration.

7.

Drug Interactions

In vitro drug interaction studies have shown that precipitation can occur when eye drops containing thimerosal are mixed with ROCKLATAN. If such drugs are used, they should be administered at least five (5) minutes apart. The combined use of two or more prostaglandins or prostaglandin analogs including latanoprost ophthalmic solution 0.005% is not recommended. It has been shown that administration of these prostaglandin drug products more than once daily may decrease the IOP lowering effect or cause paradoxical elevations in IOP. Thimerosal : In vitro studies have shown that precipitation can occur when eye drops containing thimerosal are mixed with ROCKLATAN ® . If such drugs are used, they should be administered at least 5 minutes apart. ( 7 )