LURASIDONE Drug Interactions: What You Need to Know
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Drug Interactions (FDA Label)
INTERACTIONS
7.1 Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets Table 34: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors increased the exposure of lurasidone compared to the use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets alone [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Intervention: Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets should not be used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors [ see Contraindications (4) ]. Examples: Ketoconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir, voriconazole, mibefradil Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors increased the exposure of lurasidone compared to the use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets alone [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Intervention: Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets dose should be reduced to half of the original level when used concomitantly with moderate inhibitors of CYP3A4 [ see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ]. Examples: Diltiazem, atazanavir, erythromycin, fluconazole, verapamil Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets with strong CYP3A4 inducers decreased the exposure of lurasidone compared to the use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets alone [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Intervention: Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets should not be used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers [ see Contraindications (4) ]. Examples: Rifampin, avasimibe, St. John’s wort, phenytoin, carbamazepine Moderate CYP3A4 Inducers Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets with moderate CYP3A4 inducers decreased the exposure of lurasidone compared to the use of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets alone [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Intervention: Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets dose should be increased when used concomitantly with moderate inducers of CYP3A4 [ see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ]. Examples: Bosentan, efavirenz, etravirine, modafinil, nafcillin
7.2 Drugs Having No Clinically Important Interactions with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets Based on pharmacokinetic studies, no dosage adjustment of lurasidone hydrochloride tablets are required when administered concomitantly with lithium, valproate, or substrates of P-gp or CYP3A4 <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]</span> .
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Known hypersensitivity to lurasidone hydrochloride or any components in the formulation. Angioedema has been observed with lurasidone [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .
- Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir, voriconazole, mibefradil, etc.) [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ].
- Strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, avasimibe, St. John’s wort, phenytoin, carbamazepine, etc.) [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ].
- Known hypersensitivity to lurasidone hydrochloride tablets or any components in the formulation ( 4 ).
- Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (e.g., ketoconazole) ( 2.6 , 4 , 7.1 ).
- Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A4 inducer (e.g., rifampin) ( 2.6 , 4 , 7.1 ).
Related Warnings
AND PRECAUTIONS Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis: Increased incidence of cerebrovascular adverse events (e.g., stroke, transient ischemic attack) ( 5.3 ).
Neuroleptic Malignant
Syndrome: Manage with immediate discontinuation and close monitoring ( 5.4 ).
Tardive
Dyskinesia: Discontinue if clinically appropriate ( 5.5 ).
Metabolic
Changes: Monitor for hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and weight gain ( 5.6 ). Hyperprolactinemia: Prolactin elevations may occur ( 5.7 ). Leukopenia, Neutropenia, and Agranulocytosis: Perform complete blood counts (CBC) in patients with a pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or a history of leukopenia or neutropenia. Consider discontinuing lurasidone hydrochloride tablets if a clinically significant decline in WBC occurs in the absence of other causative factors ( 5.8 ).
Orthostatic
Hypotension and Syncope: Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope ( 5.9 ).
5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6- to 1.7-times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets are not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]</span> .
5.2 Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients In pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and other antidepressant classes) that included approximately 77,000 adult patients, and over 4,400 pediatric patients, the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients was greater in antidepressant-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. The drug- placebo differences in the number of cases of suicidal thoughts and behaviors per 1000 patients treated are provided in Table 2. No suicides occurred in any of the pediatric studies. There were suicides in the adult studies, but the number was not sufficient to reach any conclusion about antidepressant drug effect on suicide.
Table
2: Risk Differences of the Number of Cases of Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors in the Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials of Antidepressants in Pediatric and Adult Patients Age Range Drug-Placebo Difference in Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors per 1000 Patients Treated Increases Compared to Placebo <18 14 additional patients 18-24 5 additional patients Decreases Compared to Placebo 25-64 1 fewer patient ≥65 6 fewer patients It is unknown whether the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond four months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance studies in adults with MDD that antidepressants delay the recurrence of depression. Monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of drug therapy and at times of dosage changes. Counsel family members or caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Consider changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing lurasidone hydrochloride tablets, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
5.3 Cerebrovascular Adverse Reactions, Including Stroke in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis In placebo-controlled trials with risperidone, aripiprazole, and olanzapine in elderly subjects with dementia, there was a higher incidence of cerebrovascular adverse reactions (cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attacks), including fatalities, compared to placebo-treated subjects. Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets are not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]</span> .
5.4 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with administration of antipsychotic drugs, including lurasidone. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability. Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis), and acute renal failure. If NMS is suspected, immediately discontinue lurasidone hydrochloride tablets and provide intensive symptomatic treatment and monitoring.
5.5 Tardive Dyskinesia Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements that can develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown. The risk of developing tardive dyskinesia and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase. However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses or may even arise after discontinuation of treatment. The syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn. Antipsychotic treatment, itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown. Given these considerations, lurasidone hydrochloride tablets should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely to minimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that (1) is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and (2) for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. The need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically. If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on lurasidone hydrochloride tablets, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets despite the presence of the syndrome.
5.6 Metabolic Changes Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been associated with metabolic changes that may increase cardiovascular/cerebrovascular risk. These metabolic changes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and body weight gain. While all of the drugs in the class have been shown to produce some metabolic changes, each drug has its own specific risk profile. Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus Hyperglycemia, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, has been reported in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. Assessment of the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and glucose abnormalities is complicated by the possibility of an increased background risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia and the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in the general population. Given these confounders, the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and hyperglycemia-related adverse events is not completely understood. However, epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of hyperglycemia-related adverse events in patients treated with the atypical antipsychotics. Patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who are started on atypical antipsychotics should be monitored regularly for worsening of glucose control. Patients with risk factors for diabetes mellitus (e.g., obesity, family history of diabetes) who are starting treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Any patient treated with atypical antipsychotics should be monitored for symptoms of hyperglycemia including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness. Patients who develop symptoms of hyperglycemia during treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing. In some cases, hyperglycemia has resolved when the atypical antipsychotic was discontinued; however, some patients required continuation of anti-diabetic treatment despite discontinuation of the suspect drug.
Schizophrenia Adults
Pooled data from short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies are presented in Table 3.
Table
3: Change in Fasting Glucose in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 mg/day 40 mg/day 80 mg/day 120 mg/day 160 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=680 n=71 n=478 n=508 n=283 n=113 Serum Glucose -0.0 -0.6 +2.6 -0.4 +2.5 +
2.5 Proportion of Patients with Shifts to ≥ 126 mg/dL Serum Glucose (≥ 126 mg/dL) 8.3% (52/628) 11.7% (7/60) 12.7% ( 57/449) 6.8% (32/472) 10.0% (26/260) 5.6% (6/108) In the uncontrolled, longer-term schizophrenia studies (primarily open-label extension studies), lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were associated with a mean change in glucose of +1.8 mg/dL at week 24 (n=355), +0.8 mg/dL at week 36 (n=299) and +2.3 mg/dL at week 52 (n=307). Adolescents In studies of adolescents and adults with schizophrenia, changes in fasting glucose were similar. In the short-term, placebo-controlled study of adolescents, fasting serum glucose mean values were -1.3 mg/dL for placebo (n=95), +0.1 mg/dL for 40 mg/day (n=90), and +1.8 mg/dL for 80 mg/day (n=92).
Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy
Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study are presented in Table 4.
Table
4: Change in Fasting Glucose in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Table 4: Change in Fasting Glucose in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg/day, lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 to 120 mg/day, or placebo Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 to 60 mg/day 80 to 120 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=148 n=140 n=143 Serum Glucose +1.8 -0.8 +1.8 Proportion of Patients with Shifts to ≥ 126 mg/dL Serum Glucose (≥ 126 mg/dL) 4.3% (6/141) 2.2% (3/138) 6.4% (9/141) In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who received lurasidone hydrochloride tablets as monotherapy in the short-term study and continued in the longer-term study, had a mean change in glucose of +1.2 mg/dL at week 24 (n=129).
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies are presented in Table 5.
Table
5: Change in Fasting Glucose in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg/day or placebo as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate.
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo
20 to 120 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=302 n=319 Serum Glucose -0.9 +1.2 Proportion of Patients with Shifts to ≥ 126 mg/dL Serum Glucose (≥ 126 mg/dL) 1.0% (3/290) 1.3% (4/316) In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who received lurasidone hydrochloride tablets as adjunctive therapy with either lithium or valproate in the short-term study and continued in the longer-term study, had a mean change in glucose of +1.7 mg/dL at week 24 (n=88).
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) In studies of pediatric patients 10 to 17 years and adults with bipolar depression, changes in fasting glucose were similar. In the 6-week, placebo-controlled study of pediatric patients with bipolar depression, mean change in fasting glucose was +1.6 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 80 mg/day (n=145) and -0.5 mg/dL for placebo (n=145).
Pediatric
Patients (6 to 17 years) In a 104-week, open-label study in pediatric patients with schizophrenia, bipolar depression, or autistic disorder, 7 % of patients with a normal baseline fasting glucose experienced a shift to high at endpoint while taking lurasidone.
Dyslipidemia
Undesirable alterations in lipids have been observed in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics.
Schizophrenia Adults
Pooled data from short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies are presented in Table 6: Change in Fasting Lipids in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Table 6: Change in Fasting Lipids in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 mg/day 40 mg/day 80 mg/day 120 mg/day 160 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=660 n=71 n=466 n=499 n=268 n=115 Total Cholesterol -5.8 -12.3 -5.7 -6.2 -3.8 -6.9 Triglycerides -13.4 -29.1 -5.1 -13.0 -3.1 -10.6 Proportion of Patients with Shifts Total Cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) 5.3% (30/571) 13.8% (8/58) 6.2% (25/402) 5.3% (23/434) 3.8% (9/238) 4.0% (4/101) Triglycerides (≥ 200 mg/dL) 10.1% (53/526) 14.3% (7/49) 10.8% (41/379) 6.3% (25/400) 10.5% (22/209) 7.0% (7/100) In the uncontrolled, longer-term schizophrenia studies (primarily open-label extension studies), lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were associated with a mean change in total cholesterol and triglycerides of -3.8 (n=356) and -15.1 (n=357) mg/dL at week 24, -3.1 (n=303) and -4.8 (n=303) mg/dL at week 36 and -2.5 (n=307) and -6.9 (n=307) mg/dL at week 52, respectively. Adolescents In the adolescent short-term, placebo-controlled study, fasting serum cholesterol mean values were -9.6 mg/dL for placebo (n=95), -4.4 mg/dL for 40 mg/day (n=89), and +1.6 mg/dL for 80 mg/day (n=92), and fasting serum triglyceride mean values were +0.1 mg/dL for placebo (n=95), -0.6 mg/dL for 40 mg/day (n=89), and +8.5 mg/dL for 80 mg/day (n=92).
Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy
Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled, monotherapy bipolar depression study are presented in Table 7.
Table
7: Change in Fasting Lipids in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg/day, lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 to 120 mg/day, or placebo Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 to 60 mg/day 80 to 120 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=147 n=140 n=144 Total cholesterol -3.2 +1.2 -4.6 Triglycerides +6.0 +5.6 +0.4 Proportion of Patients with Shifts Total cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) 4.2% (5/118) 4.4% (5/113) 4.4% (5/114) Triglycerides (≥ 200 mg/dL) 4.8% (6/126) 10.1% (12/119) 9.8% (12/122) In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who received lurasidone hydrochloride tablets as monotherapy in the short-term and continued in the longer-term study had a mean change in total cholesterol and triglycerides of -0.5 mg/dL (n=130) and -1.0 mg/dL (n=130) at week 24, respectively.
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled, adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies are presented in Table 8.
Table
8: Change in Fasting Lipids in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg/day or placebo as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate.
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo
20 to 120 mg/day Mean Change from Baseline (mg/dL) n=303 n=321 Total cholesterol -2.9 -3.1 Triglycerides -4.6 +4.6 Proportion of Patients with Shifts Total cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) 5.7% (15/263) 5.4% (15/276) Triglycerides (≥ 200 mg/dL) 8.6% (21/243) 10.8% (28/260) In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who received lurasidone hydrochloride tablets, as adjunctive therapy with either lithium or valproate in the short-term study and continued in the longer-term study, had a mean change in total cholesterol and triglycerides of -0.9 (n=88) and +5.3 (n=88) mg/dL at week 24, respectively.
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study with pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, mean change in fasting cholesterol was -6.3 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 80 mg/day (n=144) and 1.4 mg/dL for placebo (n=145), and mean change in fasting triglyceride was -7.6 mg/dL for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 80 mg/day (n=144) and +5.9 mg/dL for placebo (n=145).
Pediatric
Patients (6 to 17 years) In a 104-week, open-label study of pediatric patients with schizophrenia, bipolar depression, or autistic disorder, shifts in baseline fasting cholesterol from normal to high at endpoint were reported in 12% (total cholesterol), 3% (LDL cholesterol), and shifts in baseline from normal to low were reported in 27% (HDL cholesterol) of patients taking lurasidone. Of patients with normal baseline fasting triglycerides, 12% experienced shifts to high.
Weight Gain
Weight gain has been observed with atypical antipsychotic use. Clinical monitoring of weight is recommended.
Schizophrenia Adults
Pooled data from short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies are presented in Table 9. The mean weight gain was +0.43 kg for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients compared to -0.02 kg for placebo-treated patients. Change in weight from baseline for olanzapine was +4.15 kg and for quetiapine extended-release was +2.09 kg in Studies 3 and 5 [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ], respectively. The proportion of patients with a ≥7% increase in body weight (at Endpoint) was 4.8% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 3.3% for placebo-treated patients.
Table
9: Mean Change in Weight (kg) from Baseline in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo (n=696) 20 mg/day (n=71) 40 mg/day (n=484) 80 mg/day (n=526) 120 mg/day (n=291) 160 mg/day (n=114)
All
Patients -0.02 -0.15 +0.22 +0.54 +0.68 +0.60 In the uncontrolled, longer-term schizophrenia studies (primarily open-label extension studies), lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were associated with a mean change in weight of -0.69 kg at week 24 (n=755), -0.59 kg at week 36 (n=443) and -0.73 kg at week 52 (n=377).
Adolescents
Data from the short-term, placebo-controlled adolescent schizophrenia study are presented in Table 10. The mean change in weight gain was +0.5 kg for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients compared to +0.2 kg for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of patients with a ≥7% increase in body weight (at Endpoint) was 3.3% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 4.5% for placebo-treated patients.
Table
10: Mean Change in Weight (kg) from Baseline in the Adolescent Schizophrenia Study Placebo (n=111)
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets
40 mg/day (n=109) 80 mg/day (n=104)
All
Patients +0.2 +0.3 +0.7 Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study are presented in Table 11. The mean change in weight gain was +0.29 kg for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients compared to -0.04 kg for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of patients with a ≥7% increase in body weight (at Endpoint) was 2.4% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0.7% for placebo-treated patients.
Table
11: Mean Change in Weight (kg) from Baseline in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg/day, lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 to 120 mg/day, or placebo Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo (n=151) 20 to 60 mg/day (n=143) 80 to 120 mg/day (n=147)
All
Patients -0.04 +0.56 +0.02 In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who received lurasidone hydrochloride tablets as monotherapy in the short-term and continued in the longer-term study had a mean change in weight of -0.02 kg at week 24 (n=130).
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate Data from the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies are presented in Table 12. The mean change in weight gain was +0.11 kg for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients compared to +0.16 kg for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of patients with a ≥7% increase in body weight (at Endpoint) was 3.1% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0.3% for placebo-treated patients.
Table
12: Mean Change in Weight (kg) from Baseline in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg/day or placebo as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo (n=307) 20 to 120 mg/day (n=327)
All
Patients +0.16 +0.11 In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who were treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets, as adjunctive therapy with either lithium or valproate in the short-term and continued in the longer-term study, had a mean change in weight of +1.28 kg at week 24 (n=86).
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) Data from the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in patients 10 to 17 years are presented in Table 13. The mean change in weight gain was +0.7 kg for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients compared to +0.5 kg for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of patients with a ≥7% increase in body weight (at Endpoint) was 4.0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 5.3% for placebo-treated patients.
Table
13: Mean Change in Weight (kg) from Baseline in the Bipolar Depression Study in Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years)
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets
Placebo (n=170) 20 to 80 mg/day (n=175)
All
Patients +0.5 +0.7 Pediatric Patients (6 to 17 years) In a long-term, open-label study that enrolled pediatric patients with schizophrenia, bipolar depression, or autistic disorder from three short-term, placebo-controlled trials, 54% (378/701) received lurasidone for 104 weeks. The mean increase in weight from open-label baseline to Week 104 was 5.85 kg. To adjust for normal growth, z-scores were derived (measured in standard deviations [SD]), which normalize for the natural growth of children and adolescents by comparisons to age- and sex-matched population standards. A z-score change <0.5 SD is considered not clinically significant. In this trial, the mean change in z-score from open-label baseline to Week 104 was -0.06 SD for body weight and -0.13 SD for body mass index (BMI), indicating minimal deviation from the normal curve for weight gain.
5.7 Hyperprolactinemia As with other drugs that antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, lurasidone elevates prolactin levels. Hyperprolactinemia may suppress hypothalamic GnRH, resulting in reduced pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. This, in turn, may inhibit reproductive function by impairing gonadal steroidogenesis in both female and male patients. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported with prolactin-elevating compounds. Long-standing hyperprolactinemia, when associated with hypogonadism, may lead to decreased bone density in both female and male patients <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions (6) ]</span> . Tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin-dependent in vitro , a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is considered in a patient with previously detected breast cancer. As is common with compounds which increase prolactin release, an increase in mammary gland neoplasia was observed in a carcinogenicity study conducted with lurasidone in rats and mice <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Nonclinical Toxicology (13) ]</span> . Neither clinical studies nor epidemiologic studies conducted to date have shown an association between chronic administration of this class of drugs and tumorigenesis in humans, but the available evidence is too limited to be conclusive.
Schizophrenia
Adults In short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies, the median change from baseline to endpoint in prolactin levels for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients was +0.4 ng/mL and was -1.9 ng/mL in the placebo-treated patients. The median change from baseline to endpoint for males was +0.5 ng/mL and for females was -0.2 ng/mL. Median changes for prolactin by dose are shown in Table 14.
Table
14: Median Change in Prolactin (ng/mL) from Baseline in Adult Schizophrenia Studies Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 mg/day 40 mg/day 80 mg/day 120 mg/day 160 mg/day All Patients -1.9 (n=672) -1.1 (n=70) -1.4 (n=476) -0.2 (n=495) +3.3 (n=284) +3.3 (n=115) Females -5.1 (n=200) -0.7 (n=19) -4.0 (n=149) -0.2 (n=150) +6.7 (n=70) +7.1 (n=36) Males -1.3 (n=472) -1.2 (n=51) -0.7 (n=327) -0.2 (n=345) +3.1 (n=214) +2.4 (n=79) The proportion of patients with prolactin elevations ≥5× upper limit of normal (ULN) was 2.8% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and = 1.0% for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of female patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 5.7% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and = 2.0% for placebo-treated female patients. The proportion of male patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 1.6% and 0.6% for placebo-treated male patients. In the uncontrolled longer-term schizophrenia studies (primarily open-label extension studies), lurasidone hydrochloride tablets were associated with a median change in prolactin of -0.9 ng/mL at week 24 (n=357), -5.3 ng/mL at week 36 (n=190) and -2.2 ng/mL at week 52 (n=307). Adolescents In the short-term, placebo-controlled adolescent schizophrenia study, the median change from baseline to endpoint in prolactin levels for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients was +1.1 ng/mL and was +0.1 ng/mL for placebo-treated patients. For lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients, the median change from baseline to endpoint for males was +1.0 ng/mL and for females was +2.6 ng/mL. Median changes for prolactin by dose are shown in Table 15.
Table
15: Median Change in Prolactin (ng/mL) from Baseline in the Adolescent Schizophrenia Study Placebo Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets 40 mg/day Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets 80 mg/day All Patients +0.10 (n=103) +0.75 (n=102) +1.20 (n=99) Females +0.70 (n=39) +0.60 (n=42) +4.40 (n=33)
Males
0.00 (n=64) +0.75 (n=60) +1.00 (n=66) The proportion of patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0.5% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 1.0% for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of female patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 1.3% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0% for placebo-treated female patients. The proportion of male patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets treated patients and 1.6% for placebo-treated male patients.
Bipolar Depression Adults Monotherapy
The median change from baseline to endpoint in prolactin levels, in the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, was +1.7 ng/mL and +3.5 ng/mL with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg/day and 80 to 120 mg/day, respectively compared to +0.3 ng/mL with placebo-treated patients. The median change from baseline to endpoint for males was +1.5 ng/mL and for females was +3.1 ng/mL. Median changes for prolactin by dose range are shown in Table 16.
Table
16: Median Change in Prolactin (ng/mL) from Baseline in the Adult Monotherapy Bipolar Depression Study Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg/day; lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 to 120 mg/day, or placebo Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo 20 to 60 mg/day 80 to 120 mg/day All Patients +0.3 (n=147) +1.7 (n=140) +3.5 (n=144)
Females
0.0 (n=82) +1.8 (n=78) +5.3 (n=88) Males +0.4 (n=65) +1.2 (n=62) +1.9 (n=56) The proportion of patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x upper limit of normal (ULN) was 0.4% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0.0% for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of female patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0.6% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0% for placebo-treated female patients. The proportion of male patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% and 0% for placebo-treated male patients. In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who were treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets as monotherapy in the short-term and continued in the longer-term study, had a median change in prolactin of -1.15 ng/mL at week 24 (n=130).
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate The median change from baseline to endpoint in prolactin levels, in the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies was +2.8 ng/mL with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg/day compared to 0.0 ng/mL with placebo-treated patients. The median change from baseline to endpoint for males was +2.4 ng/mL and for females was +3.2 ng/mL. Median changes for prolactin across the dose range are shown in Table 17.
Table
17: Median Change in Prolactin (ng/mL) from Baseline in the Adult Adjunctive Therapy Bipolar Depression Studies Patients were randomized to flexibly dosed lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg/day or placebo as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate.
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo
20 to 120 mg/day All Patients 0.0 (n=301) +2.8 (n=321) Females +0.4 (n=156) +3.2 (n=162) Males -0.1 (n=145) +2.4 (n=159) The proportion of patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x upper limit of normal (ULN) was 0.0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0.0% for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of female patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0% for placebo-treated female patients. The proportion of male patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% and 0% for placebo-treated male patients. In the uncontrolled, open-label, longer-term bipolar depression study, patients who were treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets, as adjunctive therapy with either lithium or valproate, in the short-term and continued in the longer-term study, had a median change in prolactin of -2.9 ng/mL at week 24 (n=88).
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study with pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, the median change from baseline to endpoint in prolactin levels for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients was +1.10 ng/mL and was +0.50 ng/mL for placebo-treated patients. For lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients, the median change from baseline to endpoint for males was +0.85 ng/mL and for females was +2.50 ng/mL. Median changes for prolactin are shown in Table 18.
Table
18: Median Change in Prolactin (ng/mL) from Baseline in the Bipolar Depression Study in Pediatric Patients (10 to 17 years)
Lurasidone Hydrochloride Tablets Placebo
20 to 80 mg/day All Patients +0.50 (n=157) +1.10 (n=165) Females +0.55 (n=78) +2.50 (n=83) Males +0.50 (n=79) +0.85 (n=82) The proportion of patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0.6% for placebo-treated patients. The proportion of female patients with prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN was 0% for lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 1.3% for placebo-treated female patients. No male patients in the placebo or lurasidone hydrochloride tablets treatment groups had prolactin elevations ≥5x ULN.
Pediatric
Patients (6 to 17 years) In a 104-week, open-label study of pediatric patients with schizophrenia, bipolar depression, or autistic disorder, the median changes from baseline to endpoint in serum prolactin levels were -0.20 ng/mL (all patients), -0.30 ng/mL (females), and -0.05 ng/mL (males). The proportions of patients with a markedly high prolactin level (≥5 times the upper limit of normal) at any time during open-label treatment were 2% (all patients), 3% (females), and 1% (males). Adverse events among females in this trial that are potentially prolactin-related include galactorrhea (0.6%). Among male patients in this study, decreased libido was reported in one patient (0.2%) and there were no reports of impotence, gynecomastia, or galactorrhea.
5.8 Leukopenia, Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis Leukopenia/neutropenia has been reported during treatment with antipsychotic agents. Agranulocytosis (including fatal cases) has been reported with other agents in the class. Possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) and history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia. Patients with a pre-existing low WBC or a history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia should have their complete blood count (CBC) monitored frequently during the first few months of therapy and lurasidone hydrochloride tablets should be discontinued at the first sign of decline in WBC, in the absence of other causative factors. Patients with neutropenia should be carefully monitored for fever or other symptoms or signs of infection and treated promptly if such symptoms or signs occur. Patients with severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1000/mm 3 ) should discontinue lurasidone hydrochloride tablets and have their WBC followed until recovery.
5.9 Orthostatic Hypotension and Syncope Lurasidone may cause orthostatic hypotension and syncope, perhaps due to its α1-adrenergic receptor antagonism. Associated adverse reactions can include dizziness, lightheadedness, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Generally, these risks are greatest at the beginning of treatment and during dose escalation. Patients at increased risk of these adverse reactions or at increased risk of developing complications from hypotension include those with dehydration, hypovolemia, treatment with antihypertensive medication, history of cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia, or conduction abnormalities), history of cerebrovascular disease, as well as patients who are antipsychotic-naïve. In such patients, consider using a lower starting dose and slower titration, and monitor orthostatic vital signs. Orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital sign measurement, was defined by the following vital sign changes: ≥ 20 mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure and ≥10 bpm increase in pulse from sitting to standing or supine to standing position.
Schizophrenia Adults
The incidence of orthostatic hypotension and syncope reported as adverse events from short- term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies was (lurasidone hydrochloride tablets incidence, placebo incidence): orthostatic hypotension [0.3% (5/1508), 0.1% (1/708)] and syncope [0.1% (2/1508), 0% (0/708)]. In short-term schizophrenia clinical studies, orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital signs, occurred with a frequency of 0.8% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 40 mg, 2.1% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 mg, 1.7% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 120 mg and 0.8% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 160 mg compared to 0.7% with placebo.
Adolescents
The incidence of orthostatic hypotension reported as adverse events from the short-term, placebo-controlled adolescent schizophrenia study was 0.5% (1/214) in lurasidone hydrochloride tablets-treated patients and 0% (0/112) in placebo-treated patients. No syncope event was reported. Orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital signs, occurred with a frequency of 0% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 40 mg and 2.9% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 mg, compared to 1.8% with placebo.
Bipolar Depression Adults
Monotherapy In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, there were no reported adverse events of orthostatic hypotension and syncope. Orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital signs, occurred with a frequency of 0.6% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg and 0.6% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 to 120 mg compared to 0% with placebo.
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression therapy studies, there were no reported adverse events of orthostatic hypotension and syncope. Orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital signs, occurred with a frequency of 1.1% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 120 mg compared to 0.9% with placebo.
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, there were no reported adverse events of orthostatic hypotension or syncope. Orthostatic hypotension, as assessed by vital signs, occurred with a frequency of 1.1% with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 80 mg/day, compared to 0.6% with placebo.
5.10 Falls Lurasidone hydrochloride tablets may cause somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other injuries. For patients with diseases, conditions, or medications that could exacerbate these effects, complete fall risk assessments when initiating antipsychotic treatment and recurrently for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy.
5.11 Seizures As with other antipsychotic drugs, lurasidone should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold, e.g., Alzheimer’s dementia. Conditions that lower the seizure threshold may be more prevalent in patients 65 years or older. Schizophrenia In adult short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies, seizures/convulsions occurred in 0.1% (2/1508) of patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets compared to 0.1% (1/708) placebo-treated patients.
Bipolar Depression
Monotherapy In the adult and pediatric 6-week, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression studies, no patients experienced seizures/convulsions.
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate In the adult short-term, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies, no patient experienced seizures/convulsions.
5.12 Potential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment Lurasidone, like other antipsychotics, has the potential to impair judgment, thinking or motor skills. Caution patients about operating hazardous machinery, including motor vehicles, until they are reasonably certain that therapy with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets does not affect them adversely. In clinical studies with lurasidone, somnolence included: hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, sedation and somnolence.
Schizophrenia
Adults In short-term, placebo-controlled schizophrenia studies, somnolence was reported by 17.0% (256/1508) of patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets (15.5% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 mg, 15.6% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 40 mg, 15.2% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 mg, 26.5% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 120 mg and 8.3% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 160 mg/day) compared to 7.1% (50/708) of placebo patients. Adolescents In the short-term, placebo-controlled adolescent schizophrenia study, somnolence was reported by 14.5% (31/214) of patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets (15.5% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 40 mg and 13.5% lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 80 mg/day) compared to 7.1% (8/112) of placebo patients.
Bipolar Depression Adults
Monotherapy In the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled monotherapy bipolar depression study, somnolence was reported by 7.3% (12/164) and 13.8% (23/167) with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 60 mg and 80 to 120 mg, respectively compared to 6.5% (11/168) of placebo patients.
Adjunctive
Therapy with Lithium or Valproate In the adult short-term, flexible-dosed, placebo-controlled adjunctive therapy bipolar depression studies, somnolence was reported by 11.4% (41/360) of patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20-120 mg compared to 5.1% (17/334) of placebo patients.
Pediatric
Patients (10 to 17 years) In the 6-week, placebo-controlled bipolar depression study in pediatric patients 10 to 17 years, somnolence was reported by 11.4% (20/175) of patients treated with lurasidone hydrochloride tablets 20 to 80 mg/day compared to 5.8% (10/172) of placebo treated patients.