SOTAGLIFLOZIN: 472 Adverse Event Reports & Safety Profile

INPEFA tablets for oral administration contain sotagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. The chemical name of sotagliflozin is (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol. Its molecular formula is C 21 H 25 ClO 5 S and the molecular weight is 424.94. The structural formula is: Sotagliflozin is a white to off-white solid. It is practically insoluble in water. Each film-coated tablet of INPEFA contains 200 mg or 400 mg of sotagliflozin and the following inactive ingredients. The core of the tablet contains colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc. The film coating for the 200 mg tablet contains: indigo carmine aluminum lake, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol (partly hydrolyzed), talc, and titanium dioxide. The film coating for the 400 mg tablet contains: hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, titanium dioxide, triacetin, and yellow iron oxide.

The

200 mg printed tablet also includes black ink which contains: ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, isopropyl alcohol, N-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, and shellac.

Structural

Formula

AND USAGE INPEFA is indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with: heart failure or type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors INPEFA is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with: heart failure ( 1 ) or type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular risk factors ( 1 )

AND ADMINISTRATION Correct volume status before starting INPEFA at 200 mg daily and titrate to 400 mg as tolerated. ( 2.2 ) In patients with decompensated heart failure, begin dosing when patients are hemodynamically stable. ( 2.1 ) Withhold INPEFA at least 3 days, if possible, prior to major surgery or procedures associated with prolonged fasting. ( 2.3 )

2.1 Prior to Initiation of INPEFA Assess volume status and, if necessary, correct volume depletion prior to initiation of INPEFA <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 , 8.6 )]</span> . Assess renal function prior to initiation of INPEFA and then as clinically indicated <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]</span> . For patients with decompensated heart failure, dosing may begin as soon as the patient is hemodynamically stable, including during hospitalization or urgent outpatient treatment or immediately upon discharge.

2.2 Recommended Dosage The recommended starting dose of INPEFA is 200 mg orally once daily not more than one hour before the first meal of the day. Up-titrate after at least 2 weeks to 400 mg orally once daily as tolerated <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Clinical Studies ( 14 )]</span> . Down-titrate to 200 mg as necessary <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )]</span>. Swallow tablets whole. Do not cut, crush, or chew tablets. If a dose of INPEFA is missed by more than 6 hours, take the next dose as prescribed the next day.

2.3 Temporary Interruption for Surgery Withhold INPEFA at least 3 days, if possible, prior to major surgery or procedures associated with prolonged fasting. Resume INPEFA when the patient is clinically stable and has resumed oral intake <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]</span> .

INPEFA is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reaction to INPEFA. History of serious hypersensitivity reaction to INPEFA. ( 4 )

REACTIONS The following important adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Other Ketoacidosis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]

Volume

Depletion [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]

Necrotizing

Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier's Gangrene) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )]

Genital Mycotic

Infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 5%) are urinary tract infection, volume depletion, diarrhea, and hypoglycemia. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Lexicon at 1-855-330-2573 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. In the phase 3 (SOLOIST <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )]</span> and SCORED <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )]</span> ) placebo-controlled trials, 5,896 subjects received INPEFA. In the SOLOIST study, 336 patients (56%) reached the 400 mg dose. In the SCORED study, 3,934 patients (74%) reached the 400 mg dose. In the SOLOIST study, 5.6% of patients in the INPEFA group and 5.4% of patients in the placebo group discontinued therapy due to adverse events (AEs). In the SCORED study, 5.0% of patients in the INPEFA group and 4.5% of patients in the placebo group discontinued therapy due to AEs.

Table

1 Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 2% of Patients Treated with INPEFA and Greater Than Placebo in Either SOLOIST or SCORED Adverse Reaction SOLOIST N = 1,216 SCORED N = 10,577 Placebo (%) N = 611 INPEFA (%) N = 605 Placebo (%) N = 5,286 INPEFA (%) N = 5,291 Urinary tract infection 7.2 8.6 11.0

11.5 Volume depletion 8.8 9.3 4.0

5.2 Diarrhea 4.1 6.9 6.0

8.4 Hypoglycemia 2.8 4.3 7.9

7.7 Dizziness 2.5 2.6 2.8

3.3 Genital mycotic infection 0.2 0.8 0.9

2.4 Changes in Laboratory Test Values During Treatment Increase in Serum Creatinine and Decrease in eGFR Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors, including INPEFA, causes a small increase in serum creatinine and decrease in eGFR. These changes in serum creatinine and eGFR generally occur within 4 weeks of starting therapy and then stabilize regardless of baseline kidney function. Changes that do not fit this pattern should prompt further evaluation to exclude the possibility of acute kidney injury. In studies that included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate renal impairment, the acute effect on eGFR reversed after treatment discontinuation, suggesting acute hemodynamic changes may play a role in the renal function changes observed with INPEFA <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )]</span> .

AND PRECAUTIONS Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Other Ketoacidosis: Consider ketone monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and consider ketone monitoring in others at risk for ketoacidosis, as indicated. Assess for ketoacidosis regardless of presenting blood glucose levels and discontinue INPEFA if ketoacidosis is suspected. Monitor patients for resolution of ketoacidosis before restarting. ( 5.1 )

Volume

Depletion: Before initiating, correct volume status. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during therapy. ( 5.2 ) Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis: Monitor for signs and symptoms during therapy and treat promptly. ( 5.3 ) Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues: Lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue may be required. ( 5.4 )

Necrotizing

Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier's Gangrene) : Monitor for pain, tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise. Discontinue INPEFA and treat urgently. ( 5.5 )

Genital Mycotic

Infections : Monitor and treat as appropriate. ( 5.6 )

5.1 Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Other Ketoacidosis In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, INPEFA significantly increases the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening event, beyond the background rate. In placebo-controlled trials of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the risk of ketoacidosis was markedly increased in patients who received sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared to patients who received placebo; this risk may be greater with higher doses of INPEFA. INPEFA is not indicated for glycemic control.

Type

2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatic disorders (e.g., history of pancreatitis or pancreatic surgery) are also risk factors for ketoacidosis. There have been postmarketing reports of fatal events of ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors. Precipitating conditions for diabetic ketoacidosis or other ketoacidosis include acute febrile illness, reduced caloric intake, ketogenic diet, surgery, insulin dose reduction, volume depletion, and alcohol abuse. Signs and symptoms are consistent with dehydration and severe metabolic acidosis and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, generalized malaise, and shortness of breath. Blood glucose levels at presentation may be below those typically expected for diabetic ketoacidosis (e.g., less than 250 mg/dL). Ketoacidosis and glucosuria may persist longer than typically expected. Urinary glucose excretion persists for 3 days after discontinuing INPEFA [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]; however, there have been postmarketing reports of ketoacidosis and glucosuria lasting greater than 6 days and some up to 2 weeks after discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors. Consider ketone monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and consider ketone monitoring in others at risk for ketoacidosis if indicated by the clinical situation. Assess for ketoacidosis regardless of presenting blood glucose levels in patients who present with signs and symptoms consistent with severe metabolic acidosis. If ketoacidosis is suspected, discontinue INPEFA, promptly evaluate, and treat ketoacidosis, if confirmed. Monitor patients for resolution of ketoacidosis before restarting INPEFA. Withhold INPEFA, if possible, in temporary clinical situations that could predispose patients to ketoacidosis. Resume INPEFA when the patient is clinically stable and has resumed oral intake [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] . Educate all patients on the signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis and instruct patients to discontinue INPEFA and seek medical attention immediately if signs and symptoms occur.

5.2 Volume Depletion INPEFA can cause intravascular volume depletion which may sometimes manifest as symptomatic hypotension or acute transient changes in creatinine. There have been postmarketing reports of acute kidney injury, some requiring hospitalization and dialysis, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. Patients with impaired renal function (eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), elderly patients, or patients on loop diuretics may be at increased risk for volume depletion or hypotension <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 , 8.6 )]</span>. Before initiating INPEFA in patients with one or more of these characteristics, assess volume status and renal function. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension, and renal function after initiating therapy.

5.3 Urosepsis and Pyelonephritis Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, including INPEFA, increases the risk for urinary tract infections. Serious urinary tract infections including urosepsis and pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization have been reported. Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and treat promptly, if indicated <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]</span> .

5.4 Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use with Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues Insulin and insulin secretagogues are known to cause hypoglycemia. INPEFA may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with insulin or an insulin secretagogue <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]</span> . Therefore, a lower dose of insulin or insulin secretagogue may be required to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia when these agents are used in combination with INPEFA.

5.5 Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Perineum (Fournier&apos;s Gangrene) Reports of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (Fournier&apos;s Gangrene), a rare but serious and life-threatening necrotizing infection requiring urgent surgical intervention, have been identified in postmarketing surveillance in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving SGLT2 inhibitors. Cases have been reported in both females and males. Serious outcomes have included hospitalization, multiple surgeries, and death. Patients treated with INPEFA presenting with pain, tenderness, erythema, or swelling in the genital or perineal area, along with fever or malaise, should be assessed for necrotizing fasciitis. If suspected, start treatment immediately with broad-spectrum antibiotics and, if necessary, surgical debridement. Discontinue INPEFA, closely monitor blood glucose levels, and provide appropriate alternative therapy for heart failure.

5.6 Genital Mycotic Infections INPEFA increases the risk of genital mycotic infections. Patients with a history of genital mycotic infections were more likely to develop genital mycotic infections <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]</span> . Monitor and treat appropriately.

5.7 Positive Urine Glucose Test Monitoring glucose levels with urine glucose tests is not recommended as SGLT2 inhibition increases urinary glucose excretion and will lead to positive urine glucose tests. Use alternative methods to monitor glucose levels.

5.8 Interference with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)

Assay

Monitoring glucose levels with 1,5-AG assay is not recommended as measurements of 1,5-AG are unreliable in assessing glucose levels in patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors. Use alternative methods to monitor glucose levels.

INTERACTIONS Digoxin : Monitor digoxin levels. ( 7.1 )

Uridine

5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase Inducers (e.g., rifampin): Sotagliflozin exposure is reduced. Consider monitoring of clinical status. ( 7.2 ) Lithium: Monitor serum lithium concentrations. ( 7.3 )

7.1 Digoxin There is an increase in the exposure of digoxin when coadministered with INPEFA 400 mg. Patients taking INPEFA with concomitant digoxin should be monitored appropriately <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]</span> .

7.2 Uridine 5&apos;-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)

Inducer

Glucuronidation by UGT1A9, to form the 3-O-glucuronide, was identified as a major metabolic pathway for sotagliflozin. The coadministration of rifampicin, an inducer of UGTs, with a single dose of 400 mg sotagliflozin resulted in a decrease in the exposure to sotagliflozin. This decrease in exposure to sotagliflozin may decrease efficacy [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

7.3 Lithium Concomitant use of an SGLT2 inhibitor with lithium may decrease serum lithium concentrations. Monitor serum lithium concentration more frequently during INPEFA initiation and dosage changes.