ESTRADIOL: 31,135 Adverse Event Reports & Safety Profile

DESCRIPTION CombiPatch ® (estradiol/norethindrone acetate transdermal system) is an adhesive-based matrix transdermal patch designed to release both estradiol, an estrogen, and norethindrone acetate (NETA), a progestational agent, continuously upon application to intact skin. Two systems are available, providing the following in vivo delivery rates of estradiol and NETA. 1 NETA=norethindrone acetate. 2 Based on in vivo/in vitro flux data, delivery of both components per day via skin of average permeability (interindividual variation in skin permeability is approximately 20 percent).

System Size

Estradiol (mg) NETA 1 (mg)

Nominal Delivery Rate

2 (mg per day) Estradiol / NETA 9 cm 2 round 0.62 2.7 0.05/0.14 16 cm 2 round 0.51 4.8 0.05/0.25 Estradiol USP (estradiol) is a white to creamy white, odorless, crystalline powder, chemically described as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 β -diol. The molecular weight of estradiol is 272.39 and the molecular formula is C 18 H 24 O 2 . NETA USP is a white to creamy white, odorless, crystalline powder, chemically described as 17-hydroxy-19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one acetate. The molecular weight of NETA is 340.47 and the molecular formula is C 22 H 28 O 3 . The structural formulas for estradiol and NETA are: CombiPatch is comprised of 3 layers. Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are (1) a translucent polyolefin film backing, (2) an adhesive layer containing estradiol, NETA, acrylic adhesive, silicone adhesive, oleic acid NF, povidone USP and dipropylene glycol, and (3) a polyester release protective liner, which is attached to the adhesive surface and must be removed before the system can be used. The active components of the system are estradiol USP and NETA USP. The remaining components of the system are pharmacologically inactive.

Chemical Structure

Layer

AND USAGE Estradiol transdermal system continuous delivery (once-weekly) is indicated for: Estradiol transdermal system continuous delivery (once-weekly) is an estrogen indicated for:

• Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause ( 1.1 )
• Treatment of Moderate to Severe Symptoms of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use When prescribing solely for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause, first consider the use of topical vaginal products.
• Treatment of Hypoestrogenism due to Hypogonadism, Castration or Primary Ovarian Failure ( 1.3 )
• Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ( 1.4 ) Limitations of Use When prescribing solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, first consider the use of non-estrogen medications. Consider estrogen therapy only for women at significant risk of osteoporosis.

1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to Menopause

1.2 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Symptoms of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause Limitation of Use When prescribing solely for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause, first consider the use of topical vaginal products.

1.3 Treatment of Hypoestrogenism due to Hypogonadism, Castration, or Primary Ovarian Failure

1.4 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Limitation of Use When prescribing solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, first consider the use of non-estrogen medications. Consider estrogen therapy only for women at significant risk of osteoporosis.

AND ADMINISTRATION Generally, when estrogen is prescribed for a postmenopausal woman with a uterus, consider addition of a progestogen to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer. Generally, a woman without a uterus does not need to use a progestogen in addition to her estrogen therapy. In some cases, however, hysterectomized women who have a history of endometriosis may need a progestogen [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.14) ] . Use estrogen-alone or in combination with a progestogen at the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Reevaluate postmenopausal women periodically as clinically appropriate to determine whether treatment is still necessary.

• Start therapy with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 0.0375 mg/day applied to the skin twice weekly for the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause or moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms due to menopause. Dosage adjustment should be guided by the clinical response ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 )
• Start therapy with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 0.025 mg/day for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis ( 2.4 )
• Place estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) on a clean, dry area of the lower abdomen or buttocks. Do not apply estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) to the breasts ( 2.5 )

2.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Due to Menopause Start therapy with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 0.0375 mg per day applied to the skin twice weekly. Make dosage adjustments based on the clinical response. Initiate estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) at once in a woman not currently taking oral estrogens or in a woman switching from another estradiol transdermal therapy. In women who are currently taking oral estrogens, initiate treatment with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 1 week after withdrawal of oral hormone therapy, or sooner if menopausal symptoms reappear in less than 1 week. Attempts to taper or discontinue estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) at 3 to 6-month intervals. Give estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) continuously in a woman who does not have an intact uterus. In a woman with an intact uterus, give estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) on a cyclic schedule (for example, 3 weeks on estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) followed by 1 week off estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly)).

2.2 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Symptoms of Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy Due to Menopause Start therapy with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 0.0375 mg per day applied to the skin twice weekly. Dosage adjustment should be guided by the clinical response. Attempts to taper or discontinue estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) at 3 to 6-month intervals. In women not currently taking oral estrogens or in women switching from another estradiol transdermal therapy, treatment with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) may be initiated at once. In women who are currently taking oral estrogens, initiate treatment with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 1 week after withdrawal of oral hormone therapy, or sooner if menopausal symptoms reappear in less than 1 week. Give estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) continuously in a woman who does not have an intact uterus. In a woman with an intact uterus, give estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) on a cyclic schedule (for example, 3 weeks on estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) followed by 1 week off estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly)).

2.3 Hypoestrogenism Due to Hypogonadism, Castration, or Primary Ovarian Failure

2.4 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Start therapy with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 0.025 mg per day applied to the skin twice weekly. In women not currently taking oral estrogens or in women switching from another estradiol transdermal therapy, treatment with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) may be initiated at once. In women who are currently taking oral estrogens, initiate treatment with estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) 1 week after withdrawal of oral hormone therapy, or sooner if menopausal symptoms reappear in less than 1 week. Estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) may be given continuously in a woman who does not have an intact uterus. In a woman with an intact uterus, estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) may be given on a cyclic schedule (for example, 3 weeks on estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) followed by 1 week off estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly)).

2.5 Application Instructions Place the adhesive side of estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) on a clean, dry area of the trunk of the body (including the abdomen or buttocks). Do not apply estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) to the breasts. Replace estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) twice weekly. Rotate the sites of application, with an interval of at least 1 week allowed between applications to a particular site. Select an area that is not oily, damaged, or irritated. Avoid the waistline, since tight clothing may rub the system off. Apply the system immediately after opening the pouch and removing the oversized protective liner. Press the system firmly in place with the palm of the hand for about 10 seconds, making sure there is good contact, especially around the edges. In the event that a system falls off, reapply the same system or apply a new system to another location. In either case, continue the original treatment schedule. If a woman has forgotten to apply estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly), have her apply a new system as soon as possible. Apply the new system on the original treatment schedule. The interruption of treatment in women taking estradiol transdermal system (twice-weekly) might increase the likelihood of breakthrough bleeding, spotting and recurrence of symptoms.

MYFEMBREE is contraindicated in women: With a high risk of arterial, venous thrombotic, or thromboembolic disorders [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Examples include women over 35 years of age who smoke and women who are known to have: current or history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism vascular disease (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease) thrombogenic valvular or thrombogenic rhythm diseases of the heart (e.g., subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, or atrial fibrillation) inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies uncontrolled hypertension headaches with focal neurological symptoms or migraine headaches with aura if over 35 years of age Who are pregnant. Exposure to MYFEMBREE early in pregnancy may increase the risk of early pregnancy loss [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . With known osteoporosis, because of the risk of further bone loss [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. With current or history of breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive malignancies, and with increased risk for hormone-sensitive malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . With known hepatic impairment or disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . With undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding. With known anaphylactic reaction, angioedema, or hypersensitivity to MYFEMBREE or any of its components. Anaphylactoid reactions, urticaria, and angioedema have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. High risk of arterial, venous thrombotic, or thromboembolic disorder. ( 4 ) Pregnancy. ( 4 ) Known osteoporosis. ( 4 ) Current or history of breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive malignancies. ( 4 ) Known hepatic impairment or disease. ( 4 ) Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding. ( 4 ) Known hypersensitivity to components of MYFEMBREE. ( 4 )

REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling: Thromboembolic Disorders and Vascular Events [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]

Bone

Loss [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]

Suicidal

Ideation and Mood Disorders (Including Depression) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]

Hepatic

Impairment and Transaminase Elevations [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )]

Elevated Blood

Pressure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Change in Menstrual Bleeding Pattern and Reduced Ability to Recognize Pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )]

Uterine Fibroid

Prolapse or Expulsion [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] Alopecia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] Effects on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )]

Hypersensitivity

Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.14 )] In women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids, most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 3%) are vasomotor symptoms, uterine bleeding, alopecia, and decreased libido. In women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis, most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 3%) are headache, vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, abnormal uterine bleeding, nausea, toothache, back pain, decreased sexual desire and arousal, arthralgia, fatigue, and dizziness. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. at 1-833-696-8268 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

Associated with Uterine Leiomyomas The safety of MYFEMBREE was evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials, Study L1 (LIBERTY 1) and Study L2 (LIBERTY 2), in women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. In these trials, women received a once daily relugolix 40-mg tablet and an over-encapsulated tablet of E2 1 mg and NETA 0.5 mg (relugolix + E2/NETA), which is equivalent to 1 tablet of MYFEMBREE. Across the two trials, 254 women received MYFEMBREE once daily for 24 weeks. Additionally, 256 women received placebo for 24 weeks, and 258 women received relugolix 40-mg monotherapy once daily for 12 weeks followed by MYFEMBREE for 12 weeks [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . Of these, 476 women were treated with MYFEMBREE in a 28-week extension trial, Study L3 (LIBERTY Extension), for a total treatment duration of up to 12 months. Demographics were similar across the studies; approximately 43% were White, 51% were Black, and approximately 23% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The mean age at study entry was approximately 42 years (range 19 to 51 years). Of women who completed Study L3, 229 were rerandomized to continue MYFEMBREE or withdraw from therapy (placebo) for an additional 52 weeks (Study L4).

Serious Adverse Reactions In

Studies L1 and L2, serious adverse reactions were reported in 3.1% of MYFEMBREE-treated women as compared to 2.3% of placebo-treated women. In MYFEMBREE-treated women, serious adverse drug reactions included uterine myoma expulsion and menorrhagia experienced by one woman and uterine leiomyoma (prolapse), cholecystitis, and pelvic pain reported for one woman each.

Adverse Reactions

Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation In Studies L1 and L2, 3.9% of women treated with MYFEMBREE discontinued therapy due to adverse reactions, as compared to 4.3% receiving placebo. The most common adverse reaction leading to discontinuation of MYFEMBREE was uterine bleeding (1.2%) with an onset usually reported within the first 3 months of therapy.

Common Adverse Reactions

The most common adverse reactions reported in at least 3% of women treated with MYFEMBREE for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids and at an incidence greater than placebo during double-blind placebo-controlled treatment are summarized below in Table 1 .

Table

1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in 3% or More in Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated with Uterine Fibroids Treated with MYFEMBREE in Studies L1 and L2 1 Includes hot flush, hyperhidrosis, or night sweats. 2 Includes menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, vaginal hemorrhage, polymenorrhea, and menstruation irregular. 3 Includes libido decreased and loss of libido.

Adverse

Reaction MYFEMBREE (N = 254) % Placebo (N = 256) % Vasomotor symptoms 1 10.6

6.6 Abnormal uterine bleeding 2 6.3

1.2 Alopecia 3.5

0.8 Libido decreased 3 3.1

0.4 In Study L1, more women experienced the adverse reaction of new or worsening hypertension with MYFEMBREE as compared to placebo (7.0% vs. 0.8%). The most common adverse reactions reported during the extension trial, Study L3, were similar to those reported in the placebo-controlled trials.

Less Common Adverse Reactions

Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% and less than 3% of women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids in the MYFEMBREE treated group and greater incidence than placebo included irritability, dyspepsia, and breast cyst. Other important adverse reactions reported in MYFEMBREE-treated women included one serious reaction each of uterine myoma expulsion (0.4%) and uterine leiomyoma (prolapse) (0.4%).

Bone Loss

The effect of MYFEMBREE on BMD was assessed by DXA. The least squares mean percent changes from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Month 6 in Studies L1 and L2 are presented below in Table 2 .

Table

2: Mean Percent Change (On-Treatment) from Baseline in Lumbar Spine BMD in Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated with Uterine Fibroids in Studies L1 and L2 at Month 6 Abbreviations: BMD = bone mineral density; CI = confidence interval.

Myfembree

Placebo Number of subjects 254 256 Percent change from baseline (95% CI) -0.23 (-0.64, 0.18) 0.18 (-0.21, 0.58) Treatment difference, % -0.42 In the open-label extension trial, Study L3, women received an additional 28 weeks of MYFEMBREE for a total of up to 52 weeks of treatment. Women from Study L3 showed continued bone loss at Months 6 and 12 when treated with up to 52 weeks of MYFEMBREE. The least squares mean percent changes from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Months 6 and 12 are presented below in Table 3 .

Table

3: Mean Percent Change (On-Treatment) from Baseline* in Lumbar Spine BMD at Month 6* and Month 12 for MYFEMBREE-Treated Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated with Uterine Fibroids in Study L3 Abbreviations: BMD = bone mineral density; CI = confidence interval. * Baseline and Month 6 assessments include only those participants from Studies L1 and L2 who participated in Study L3. Number of Women (N = 163)

Month

6* Month 12 Percent change from baseline* (95% CI) -0.23 (-0.69, 0.24) -0.80 (-1.36, -0.25) A separate concurrent prospective observational study enrolled 262 women with heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids who were age-matched to participants of Studies L1 and L2. While these women were not randomized to receive treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids, women were permitted to receive treatment from their provider during the clinical trials for this indication. Women underwent DXA scans at baseline, Month 6 and Month 12 to monitor for changes in BMD. The mean percent changes from baseline (95% CI) in lumbar spine BMD at Months 6 and 12 were 0.00 (-0.32, 0.31) and -0.41 (-0.77, -0.05), respectively. A decline in lumbar spine BMD of > 3% was observed in 23% (30/132) of women who had a DXA scan following 12 months of MYFEMBREE treatment in Study L3 and in 17.4% (37/213) of untreated women in the Observational Uterine Fibroids Cohort. A decline of > 8% was seen in 0.8% (1/132) of women treated with MYFEMBREE who completed a DXA scan at Month 12 and in 0.9% (2/213) of untreated women in the Observational Uterine Fibroids Cohort.

In

Studies L1, L2, and L3, four of women treated with MYFEMBREE experienced low trauma fractures (defined as a fall from standing height or less). Two women, one from Study L1 and one from Study L2, fractured after 117 and 166 days of treatment with MYFEMBREE. Two women in Study L3, both treated with relugolix monotherapy for 12 weeks prior to MYFEMBREE therapy, fractured after 149 and 164 days of treatment with MYFEMBREE. Depression, Mood Disorders, and Suicidal Ideation In Studies L1 and L2, MYFEMBREE was associated with adverse mood changes. A greater proportion of women treated with MYFEMBREE compared to placebo reported depression (including depression, mood swings, and depressed mood) (2.4% vs. 0.8%), irritability (2.4% vs. 0%), and anxiety (1.2% vs. 0.8%). Resumption of Menstruation after Discontinuation Post study menstrual status was available for 35 women in Study L1 and 30 women in Study L2 who were treated with MYFEMBREE and prematurely discontinued the study or did not continue into the long-term extension study. For these women, 100% (35/35) in Study L1 and 93.3% (28/30) in Study L2 resumed menses. The mean time from last dose to occurrence of menses was 36 days in Study L1 and 30.7 days in Study L2. Mean time to occurrence of menses was longer for women who achieved amenorrhea (40.6 days and 41.1 days in Studies L1 and L2, respectively) compared with women without amenorrhea (33.0 days and 26.6 days in Studies L1 and L2, respectively) in the last 35 days of treatment.

After

12 months of treatment with MYFEMBREE (Study L1 or Study L2, then Study L3) 93.8% (61/65) of women resumed menses. Mean time from last dose of drug to occurrence of menses was 40.5 days. Mean time to occurrence of menses was longer in women who reported amenorrhea over the last 35 days of treatment compared with women without amenorrhea over the last 35 days of treatment (45.6 days vs. 32.6 days, respectively). Women who did not have a return to menses included those who had surgery, used alternative medications associated with amenorrhea, entered menopause, and unknown cause. Increases in Lipids Lipid levels were assessed at baseline and Week 24/End of Treatment in Studies L1 and L2. Among women with normal total cholesterol (< 200 mg/dL) at baseline, increases to 200 to < 240 mg/dL were seen in 13.7% of women treated with MYFEMBREE as compared to 7.7% of women treated with placebo, and increases to ≥ 240 mg/dL were seen in 1.7% and 0.6% of MYFEMBREE- and placebo-treated women, respectively. For women with LDL < 130 mg/dL at baseline, increases to 130 to < 160 mg/dL, 160 to < 190 mg/dL and ≥ 190 mg/dL were seen in 9.3%, 1.5%, and 0.5% of women treated with MYFEMBREE as compared to 6.5%, 0.5% and 0% of women treated with placebo, respectively. Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis The safety of MYFEMBREE was evaluated in two placebo-controlled clinical trials, Study S1 and Study S2, in women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. In these trials, women received once daily one relugolix 40-mg tablet with one over-encapsulated tablet of E2 1 mg and NETA 0.5 mg (relugolix + E2/NETA), which is equivalent to one tablet of MYFEMBREE. Across the two trials, 418 women received MYFEMBREE once daily for 24 weeks, 416 women received placebo for 24 weeks, and 417 women received relugolix 40 mg monotherapy once daily for 12 weeks followed by MYFEMBREE for 12 weeks [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . Of these, 799 women were treated with MYFEMBREE in an 80-week extension trial, Study S3, for a total treatment duration of up to 24 months. Demographics were similar across these trials; 91% were white, 6% were Black, and 12% were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The mean age at study entry was 34 years (range 18 to 50 years).

Serious Adverse Reactions In

Studies S1 and S2, serious adverse reactions were reported in 2.9% of MYFEMBREE-treated women as compared to 2.2% of placebo-treated women. In MYFEMBREE-treated women, serious adverse reactions included uterine hemorrhage, suicidal ideation, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis.

Adverse Reactions

Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation In Studies S1 and S2, 4.5% of MYFEMBREE-treated women discontinued therapy due to adverse reactions as compared to 2.9% of placebo-treated women. The most common adverse reaction (1.7%) leading to discontinuation in MYFEMBREE-treated women was mood-related disorders (including depression, mood swings, altered mood, affect lability, and suicidal ideation).

Common Adverse Reactions

The most common adverse reactions reported in at least 3% of women treated with MYFEMBREE for moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis and with an incidence greater than placebo during Studies S1 and S2 are summarized below in Table 4 .

Table

4: Adverse Reactions Occurring in 3% or More of Women with Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis Treated with MYFEMBREE 1 Includes hot flush, hyperhidrosis, night sweats, and flushing. 2 Includes affect lability, affective disorder, anxiety, depressed mood, depression, emotional distress, generalized anxiety disorder, irritability, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, mood altered, mood swings, and suicidal ideation. 3 Includes menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, vaginal hemorrhage, uterine hemorrhage, polymenorrhea, and menstruation irregular. 4 Includes libido decreased, libido disorder, and female sexual arousal disorder.

Adverse

Reaction MYFEMBREE (N = 418) % Placebo (N = 416) % Headache 33.0

26.4 Vasomotor symptoms 1 13.2

7.2 Mood disorders 2 9.1

7.2 Abnormal uterine bleeding 3 6.7

4.6 Nausea 6.0

4.1 Toothache 5.5

2.4 Back pain 4.8

2.9 Decreased sexual desire and arousal 4 4.3

1.2 Arthralgia 3.6

2.2 Fatigue 3.1

2.4 Dizziness 3.1

1.2 The most common adverse reactions reported in the safety extension trial, Study S3, were similar to those reported in the placebo-controlled trials.

Less Common Adverse Reactions

Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% and less than 3% of women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis in the MYFEMBREE group and with a greater incidence than placebo included diarrhea (2.4%), peripheral edema (2.2%), and vulvovaginal dryness (2.2%).

Bone Loss

The effect of MYFEMBREE on BMD was assessed by DXA. The least squares (LS) mean percent changes from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Month 6 and for women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis in Studies S1 and S2 are presented in Table 5 .

Table

5: LS Mean Percent Change (On-Treatment) from Baseline in Lumbar Spine BMD in Women with Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis at Month 6 in Studies S1 and S2 Abbreviations: LS = least squares; BMD = bone mineral density; CI = confidence interval.

Treatment Month

6 MYFEMBREE Placebo Number of subjects 418 416 Percent change from baseline (95% CI) -0.72 (-1.06, -0.38) 0.12 (-0.22, 0.47) Treatment difference, % -0.84 In the open-label extension, Study S3, women received an additional 80 weeks of MYFEMBREE for a total of up to 24 months of treatment. The least squares (LS) mean percent changes from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Months 6, 12, and 24 for women treated with MYFEMBREE in Studies S1 and S2 and then continued MYFEMBREE for an additional 80 weeks in Study S3 are presented below in Table 6 .

Table

6: LS Mean Percent Change (On-Treatment) from Baseline* in Lumbar Spine BMD at Months 6*, 12, and 24 for Women with Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis Treated with MYFEMBREE in Study S3 Abbreviations: LS = least squares; BMD = bone mineral density; CI = confidence interval; N = number of subjects who received continuous MYFEMBREE treatment throughout Studies S1/S2 and S3; n = number of subjects who had BMD assessments. * Baseline and Month 6 assessments include only those participants from Studies S1 and S2 who also participated in Study S3. Number of Women (N = 277)

Month

6* (n=264)

Month

12 (n=228)

Month

24 (n=163) Percent change from baseline* (95% CI) -0.91 (-1.30, -0.53) -0.81 (-1.26, -0.36) -0.45 (-1.03, 0.13) Changes in bone mineral density with MYFEMBREE treatment beyond 24 months have not been elucidated. A separate concurrent prospective observational study enrolled 452 women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis who were age-matched to participants of Studies S1 and S2. While these women were not randomized to receive treatment for moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis, women were permitted to receive treatment from their provider for this indication. Women underwent DXA scans at baseline and Months 6 and 12 to monitor for changes in BMD. The mean percent changes from baseline (95% CI) in lumbar spine BMD at Months 6 and 12 were 0.35 (0.13, 0.57) and 0.53 (0.24, 0.83), respectively. In women with moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis, a decline in lumbar spine BMD of > 3% from pre-treatment baseline was observed in 19.7% (45/228) of women who had a DXA scan following 12 months of MYFEMBREE treatment in Study S3 and in 9.1% (29/320) of untreated women in the Observational Endometriosis Cohort. A decline of > 7% to ≤ 8% from pre-treatment baseline was seen in 0.9% (2/228) of women treated with MYFEMBREE who completed a DXA scan at Month 12 in Study S3 and in 0.6% (2/320) of untreated women in the Observational Endometriosis Cohort.

Following

24 months of MYFEMBREE treatment in Study S3, a decline in lumbar spine BMD of > 3% from pre-treatment baseline occurred in 20.2% (33/163) of women and a decline of > 7% from pre-treatment baseline occurred in 2.5% (4/163) of women. At the femoral neck, a decline in BMD of >7% was observed in 1.8% (3/163) women, one of whom (0.6%) also had a decline in BMD of > 7% at the total hip. The maximum percent decline from pre-treatment baseline at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip at Month 24 was 9.1%, 8.8% and 7.0%, respectively. BMD loss may not be completely reversible after stopping treatment.

In

Study S3, two women sustained fractures after falling. One woman, who was treated for almost 24 weeks with MYFEMBREE following 12 weeks of relugolix monotherapy, sustained a tibia/fibula fracture and one who was treated for 104 weeks with MYFEMBREE, sustained a wrist fracture 144 days after she discontinued MYFEMBREE. The impact of BMD loss on long-term bone health and future fracture risk in premenopausal women is unknown.

Suicidal

Ideation and Mood Disorders (Including Depression)

In

Studies S1 and S2, a greater proportion of women treated with MYFEMBREE compared with placebo reported mood disorders (including depression) (9.1% vs. 7.2%). In addition, cases of suicidal ideation were reported in the safety extension trial, Study S3. Resumption of Menstruation after Discontinuation Post-study menstrual status was available for 55 women in Study S1 and 59 women in Study S2 who were treated with MYFEMBREE and either prematurely discontinued the study or did not continue into the extension study. For these women, 83.6% (46/55) in Study S1 and 84.7% (50/59) in Study S2 resumed menses. The mean time from last dose to occurrence of menses was 27.1 days in Study S1 and 39.2 days in Study S2. Mean time to occurrence of menses was longer for women who achieved amenorrhea (34.3 days and 42.8 days in Studies S1 and S2, respectively) compared with women without amenorrhea (21.0 days and 32.1 days in Studies S1 and S2, respectively) in the last 28 days of treatment.

After

12 months of treatment with MYFEMBREE (Study S1 or Study S2, then Study S3), 97.9% (46/47) of women resumed menses. Mean time from last dose of drug to occurrence of menses was 36.7 days. Women who did not have a return to menses included those who had surgery, used alternative medications associated with amenorrhea, or became pregnant. Increases in Lipids Lipid levels were assessed at baseline and Week 24/End of Treatment in Studies S1 and S2. Among women with normal total cholesterol (< 200 mg/dL) at baseline, increases to ≥ 200 to < 240 mg/dL were seen in 13.6% (41/302) of MYFEMBREE- treated women as compared to 9.3% (27/289) of placebo-treated women, and increases to ≥ 240 mg/dL were seen in 0.7% (2/302) of MYFEMBREE-treated women as compared to 1.0% (3/289) of placebo-treated women. For women with LDL < 130 mg/dL at baseline, increases to 130 to < 160 mg/dL, 160 to < 190 mg/dL and ≥ 190 mg/dL were seen in 8.0%, 0.3%, and 0% of MYFEMBREE-treated women as compared to 7.6%, 0% and 0% of placebo-treated women. Among women with normal HDL at baseline (≥ 60 mg/dL), declines to 40 to < 60 mg/dL occurred in 22.2% (49/221) of MYFEMBREE-treated women as compared to 12.2% (27/221) of placebo-treated women.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of MYFEMBREE, as well as post-approval use of relugolix monotherapy outside of the United States. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune system disorders: anaphylactoid reaction Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: drug eruption, angioedema, urticaria Neoplasms (benign, malignant, and unspecified): uterine leiomyoma degeneration

AND PRECAUTIONS

• Estrogens increase the risk of gallbladder disease (5.4)
• Discontinue estrogen if severe hypercalcemia, loss of vision, severe hypertriglyceridemia or cholestatic jaundice occurs (5.5, 5.6, 5.9, 5.10)
• Monitor thyroid function in women on thyroid replacement therapy (5.11, 5.22)

5.1 Cardiovascular Disorders Increased risks of stroke and DVT are reported with estrogen-alone therapy. Increased risk of PE, DVT, stroke and MI are reported with estrogen plus progestin therapy. Immediately discontinue estrogen with or without progestogen therapy if any of these occur or are suspected. Manage appropriately any risk factors for arterial vascular disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and/or venous thromboembolism (VTE) (e.g., personal history or family history of VTE, obesity, and systemic lupus erythematosus).

Stroke

The WHI estrogen-alone substudy reported a statistically significant increased risk of stroke in women 50 to 79 years of age receiving daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone compared to women in the same age group receiving placebo (45 versus 33 strokes per 10,000 women-years, respectively). The increase in risk was demonstrated in year 1 and persisted [see Clinical Studies (14.2)] . Immediately discontinue estrogen-alone therapy if a stroke occurs or is suspected. Subgroup analyses of women 50 to 59 years of age suggest no increased risk of stroke for those women receiving CE (0.625 mg)-alone versus those receiving placebo (18 versus 21 per 10,000 women-years). 1 The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported a statistically significant increased risk of stroke in women 50 to 79 years of age receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women in the same age group receiving placebo (33 versus 25 per 10,000 women-years, respectively) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . The increase in risk was demonstrated after the first year and persisted. 1 Immediately discontinue estrogen plus progestogen therapy if a stroke occurs or is suspected.

Coronary Heart Disease

The WHI estrogen-alone substudy reported no overall effect on coronary heart disease (CHD) events (defined as nonfatal MI, silent MI, or CHD death) in women receiving estrogen-alone compared to placebo 2 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Subgroup analyses of women 50 to 59 years of age, who were less than 10 years since menopause, suggest a reduction (not statistically significant) of CHD events in those women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone compared to placebo (8 versus 16 per 10,000 women-years). 1 The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported an increased risk (not statistically significant) of CHD events in those women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women receiving placebo (41 versus 34 per 10,000 women-years).1 An increase in relative risk was demonstrated in year 1, and a trend toward decreasing relative risk was reported in years 2 through 5 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . In postmenopausal women with documented heart disease (n=2,763), average 66.7 years of age, in a controlled clinical trial of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease [Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)], treatment with daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) demonstrated no cardiovascular benefit. During an average follow-up of 4.1 years, treatment with CE plus MPA did not reduce the overall rate of CHD events in postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease. There were more CHD events in the CE plus MPA-treated group than in the placebo group in year 1, but not during the subsequent years. Two thousand, three hundred and twenty-one (2,321) women from the original HERS trial agreed to participate in an open label extension of HERS, HERS II. Average follow-up in HERS II was an additional 2.7 years, for a total of 6.8 years overall. Rates of CHD events were comparable among women in the CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) group and the placebo group in HERS, HERS II, and overall.

Venous

Thromboembolism In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, the risk of VTE (DVT and PE) was increased for women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone compared to placebo (30 versus 22 per 10,000 women-years), although only the increased risk of DVT reached statistical significance (23 versus 15 per 10,000 women-years). The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first 2 years 3 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Immediately discontinue estrogen-alone therapy if a VTE occurs or is suspected. The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported a statistically significant 2-fold greater rate of VTE in women receiving daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) compared to women receiving placebo (35 versus 17 per 10,000 women-years). Statistically significant increases in risk for both DVT (26 versus 13 per 10,000 women-years) and PE (18 versus 8 per 10,000 women-years) were also demonstrated. The increase in VTE risk was demonstrated during the first year and persisted 4 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Immediately discontinue estrogen plus progestogen therapy if a VTE occurs or is suspected. If feasible, discontinue estrogens at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization.

5.2 Malignant Neoplasms Endometrial Cancer An increased risk of endometrial cancer has been reported with the use of unopposed estrogen therapy in a woman with a uterus. The reported endometrial cancer risk among unopposed estrogen users is about 2- to 12- fold greater than in non-users and appears dependent on duration of treatment and on estrogen dose. Most studies show no significant increased risk associated with use of estrogens for less than 1 year. The greatest risk appears associated with prolonged use, with increased risk of 15- to 24-fold for 5 to 10 years or more and this risk has been shown to persist for at least 8 to 15 years after estrogen therapy is discontinued. Clinical surveillance of all women using estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestogen therapy is important. Perform adequate diagnostic measures, including directed or random endometrial sampling when indicated, to rule out malignancy in postmenopausal women with undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal genital bleeding with unknown etiology. There is no evidence that the use of natural estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens of equivalent estrogen dose. Adding a progestogen to postmenopausal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.

Breast Cancer

The WHI substudy of daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone provided information about breast cancer in estrogen-alone users. In the WHI estrogen-alone substudy, after an average follow-up of 7.1 years, daily CE-alone was not associated with an increased risk of invasive breast cancer [relative risk (RR) 0.80] compared to placebo 5 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, the WHI substudy of daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) reported an increased risk of invasive breast cancer in women who took daily CE plus MPA compared to placebo. In this substudy, prior use of estrogen-alone or estrogen plus progestin therapy was reported by 26 percent of the women. The relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.24, and the absolute risk was 41 versus 33 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE plus MPA compared with placebo. Among women who reported prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.86, and the absolute risk was 46 versus 25 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE plus MPA compared with placebo. Among women who reported no prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.09, and the absolute risk was 40 versus 36 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE plus MPA compared with placebo. In the same substudy, invasive breast cancers were larger, were more likely to be node positive, and were diagnosed at a more advanced stage in the CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) group compared with the placebo group. Metastatic disease was rare, with no apparent difference between the two groups. Other prognostic factors such as histologic subtype, grade and hormone receptor status did not differ between the groups 6 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . Consistent with the WHI clinical trial, observational studies have also reported an increased risk of breast cancer with estrogen plus progestin therapy, and a smaller increase in the risk for breast cancer with estrogen-alone therapy, after several years of use. One large meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies reported increased risks that were dependent upon duration of use and could last up to >10 years after discontinuation of estrogen plus progestin therapy and estrogen-alone therapy. Extension of the WHI trials also demonstrated increased breast cancer risk associated with estrogen plus progestin therapy. Observational studies also suggest that the risk of breast cancer was greater, and became apparent earlier, with estrogen plus progestin therapy as compared to estrogen-alone therapy. These studies have not generally found significant variation in the risk of breast cancer among different estrogen plus progestin combinations, doses, or routes of administration. The use of estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin has been reported to result in an increase in abnormal mammograms requiring further evaluation. Have all women receive yearly breast examinations by a healthcare provider and perform monthly breast self-examinations. In addition, base the scheduling of mammography examinations on patient age, risk factors, and prior mammogram results.

Ovarian Cancer

The CE plus MPA substudy of WHI reported that estrogen plus progestin increased the risk of ovarian cancer. After an average follow-up of 5.6 years, the relative risk for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 1.58 (95 percent CI, 0.77–3.24), but was not statistically significant. The absolute risk for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 4 versus 3 cases per 10,000 women-years. 7 A meta-analysis of 17 prospective and 35 retrospective epidemiology studies found that women who used hormonal therapy for menopausal symptoms had an increased risk for ovarian cancer. The primary analysis, using case-control comparisons, included 12,110 cancer cases from the 17 prospective studies. The relative risks associated with current use of hormonal therapy was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32 to 1.50); there was no difference in the risk estimates by duration of the exposure (less than 5 years [median of 3 years] vs. greater than 5 years [median of 10 years] of use before the cancer diagnosis). The relative risk associated with combined current and recent use (discontinued use within 5 years before cancer diagnosis) was 1.37 (95% CI 1.27-1.48), and the elevated risk was significant for both estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin products. The exact duration of hormone therapy use associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, however, is unknown.

5.3 Probable Dementia In the WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) estrogen-alone ancillary study, a population of 2,947 hysterectomized women 65 to 79 years of age was randomized to daily CE (0.625 mg)-alone or placebo. After an average follow-up of 5.2 years, 28 women in the estrogen-alone group and 19 women in the placebo group were diagnosed with probable dementia. The relative risk of probable dementia for CE- alone versus placebo was 1.49 (95 percent CI, 0.83–2.66). The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE-alone versus placebo was 37 versus 25 cases per 10,000 women-years 8 <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]</span> . In the WHIMS estrogen plus progestin ancillary study, a population of 4,532 postmenopausal women 65 to 79 years of age was randomized to daily CE (0.625 mg) plus MPA (2.5 mg) or placebo. After an average follow-up of 4 years, 40 women in the CE plus MPA group and 21 women in the placebo group were diagnosed with probable dementia. The relative risk of probable dementia for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 2.05 (95 percent CI, 1.21–3.48). The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE plus MPA versus placebo was 45 versus 22 cases per 10,000 women-years 8 <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]</span> . When data from the two populations in the WHIMS estrogen-alone and estrogen plus progestin ancillary studies were pooled as planned in the WHIMS protocol, the reported overall relative risk for probable dementia was 1.76 (95 percent CI, 1.19–2.60). Since both ancillary studies were conducted in women 65 to 79 years of age, it is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women 8 <span class="opacity-50 text-xs">[see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]</span> .

5.4 Gallbladder Disease A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women receiving estrogens has been reported.

5.5 Hypercalcemia Estrogen administration may lead to severe hypercalcemia in women with breast cancer and bone metastases. Discontinue estrogens, including estradiol gel 0.1%, if hypercalcemia occurs, and take appropriate measures to reduce the serum calcium level.

5.6 Visual Abnormalities Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported in patients receiving estrogens. Discontinue estradiol gel 0.1% pending examination if there is sudden partial or complete loss of vision, or a sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine. Permanently discontinue estrogens, including estradiol gel 0.1%, if examination reveals papilledema or retinal vascular lesions.

5.7 Addition of a Progestogen When a Woman Has Not Had a Hysterectomy Studies of the addition of a progestogen for 10 or more days of a cycle of estrogen administration, or daily with estrogen in a continuous regimen, have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia than would be induced by estrogen treatment alone. Endometrial hyperplasia may be a precursor to endometrial cancer. There are, however, possible risks that may be associated with the use of progestogens with estrogens compared to estrogen-alone regimens. These include an increased risk of breast cancer.

5.8 Elevated Blood Pressure In a small number of case reports, substantial increases in blood pressure have been attributed to idiosyncratic reactions to estrogens. In a large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a generalized effect of estrogens on blood pressure was not seen.

5.9 Exacerbation of Hypertriglyceridemia In women with pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia, estrogen therapy may be associated with elevations of plasma triglycerides leading to pancreatitis. Discontinue estradiol gel 0.1% if pancreatitis occurs.

5.10 Hepatic Impairment and/or Past History of Cholestatic Jaundice Estrogens may be poorly metabolized in women with hepatic impairment. Exercise caution in any woman with a history of cholestatic jaundice associated with past estrogen use or with pregnancy. In the case of recurrence of cholestatic jaundice, discontinue estradiol gel 0.1%.

5.11 Exacerbation of Hypothyroidism Estrogen administration leads to increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) levels. Women with normal thyroid function can compensate for the increased TBG by making more thyroid hormone, thus maintaining free T 4 and T 3 serum concentrations in the normal range. Women dependent on thyroid hormone replacement therapy who are also receiving estrogens may require increased doses of their thyroid replacement therapy. Monitor thyroid function in these women during treatment with estradiol gel 0.1% to maintain their free thyroid hormone levels in an acceptable range.

5.12 Fluid Retention Estrogens may cause some degree of fluid retention. Monitor any woman with a condition(s) that might predispose her to fluid retention, such as a cardiac or renal impairment. Discontinue estrogen-alone therapy, including estradiol gel 0.1%, with evidence of medically concerning fluid retention.

5.13 Hypocalcemia Estrogen-induced hypocalcemia may occur in women with hypoparathyroidism. Consider whether the benefits of estrogen therapy outweigh the risks in such women.

5.14 Exacerbation of Endometriosis A few cases of malignant transformation of residual endometrial implants have been reported in women treated post-hysterectomy with estrogen-alone therapy. Consider the addition of a progestogen therapy for a woman known to have residual endometriosis post- hysterectomy.

5.15 Hereditary Angioedema Exogenous estrogens may exacerbate symptoms of angioedema in women with hereditary angioedema. Consider whether the benefits of estrogen therapy, including estradiol gel 0.1%, outweigh the risks in such women.

5.16 Exacerbation of Other Conditions Estrogen therapy, including estradiol gel 0.1%, may cause an exacerbation of asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, migraine, porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepatic hemangiomas. Consider whether the benefits of estrogen therapy outweigh the risks in women with such conditions.

5.17 Photosensitivity The effects of direct sun exposure to estradiol gel 0.1% application sites have not been evaluated in clinical trials.

5.18 Application of Sunscreen and Topical Solutions Studies conducted using other approved topical estrogen gel products have shown that sunscreens have the potential for changing the systemic exposure of topically applied estrogen gels. The effect of sunscreens and other topical lotions on the systemic exposure of estradiol gel 0.1% has not been evaluated in clinical trials.

5.19 Flammability of Alcohol-Based Gels Alcohol based gels are flammable. Avoid fire, flame, or smoking until estradiol gel 0.1% has dried. Occlusion of the area where the topical drug product is applied with clothing or other barriers is not recommended until estradiol gel 0.1% has completely dried.

5.20 Potential for Estradiol Transfer and Effects of Washing There is a potential for drug transfer from one individual to the other following physical contact of estradiol gel 0.1% application sites. In a study to evaluate transferability to males from their female contacts, there was some elevation of estradiol levels over baseline in the male subjects; however, the degree of transferability in this study was inconclusive. Women are advised to avoid skin contact with other persons until the gel is completely dried. The site of application should be covered (clothed) after drying. Washing the application site with soap and water 1 hour after application resulted in a 30 to 38 percent decrease in the mean total 24-hour exposure to estradiol. Therefore, women should refrain from washing the application site for at least one hour after application.

5.21 Laboratory Tests Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels are not useful in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms.

5.22 Drug - Laboratory Test Interactions Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta-thromboglobulin; decreased levels of anti-factor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity.. Increased thyroid binding globulin (TBG) levels leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone levels, as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T 4 levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T 3 levels by radioimmunoassay. T 3 resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T 4 and free T 3 concentrations are unaltered. Women on thyroid replacement therapy may require higher doses of thyroid hormone. Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, for example, corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone- binding globulin (SHBG), leading to increased total circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations, such as testosterone and estradiol, may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-l-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). Increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL 2 cholesterol subfraction concentrations, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration, increased triglyceride levels. Impaired glucose tolerance.

PRECAUTIONS This product contains FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) which may cause allergic-type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible persons. Although the overall incidence of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) sensitivity in the general population is low, it is frequently seen in patients who also have aspirin hypersensitivity. A.

General

1. Addition of a progestin when a woman has not had a hysterectomy Studies of the addition of a progestin for 10 or more days of a cycle of estrogen administration, or daily with estrogen in a continuous regimen, have reported a lowered incidence of endometrial hyperplasia than would be induced by estrogen treatment alone. Endometrial hyperplasia may be a precursor to endometrial cancer. There are, however, possible risks which may be associated with the use of progestins with estrogens compared to estrogen-alone regimens. These include a possible increased risk of breast cancer. 2. Elevated blood pressure In a small number of case reports, substantial increases in blood pressure have been attributed to idiosyncratic reactions to estrogens. In a large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a generalized effect of estrogens on blood pressure was not seen. Blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals with estrogen use. 3. Hypertriglyceridemia In patients with pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia, estrogen therapy may be associated with elevations of plasma triglycerides leading to pancreatitis and other complications. 4. Impaired liver function and past history of cholestatic jaundice Estrogens may be poorly metabolized in patients with impaired liver function. For patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice associated with past estrogen use or with pregnancy, caution should be exercised and in the case of recurrence, medication should be discontinued. 5.

Hypothyroidism

Estrogen administration leads to increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) levels. Patients with normal thyroid function can compensate for the increased TBG by making more thyroid hormone, thus maintaining free T 4 and T 3 serum concentrations in the normal range. Patients dependent on thyroid hormone replacement therapy who are also receiving estrogens may require increased doses of their thyroid replacement therapy. These patients should have their thyroid function monitored in order to maintain their free thyroid hormone levels in an acceptable range. 6. Fluid retention Because estrogens may cause some degree of fluid retention, patients with conditions that might be influenced by this factor, such as asthma, epilepsy, migraine, and cardiac or renal dysfunction, warrant careful observation when estrogens are prescribed. 7.

Hypocalcemia

Estrogens should be used with caution in individuals with severe hypocalcemia. 8. Ovarian cancer The CE/MPA substudy of WHI reported that estrogen plus progestin increased the risk of ovarian cancer. After an average follow-up of 5.6 years, the relative risk for ovarian cancer for CE/MPA versus placebo was 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 3.24) but was not statistically significant. The absolute risk for CE/MPA versus placebo was 4.2 versus 2.7 cases per 10,000 women-years. In some epidemiologic studies, the use of estrogen alone, in particular for ten or more years, has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Other epidemiologic studies have not found these associations. 9. Exacerbation of endometriosis Endometriosis may be exacerbated with administration of estrogens. A few cases of malignant transformation of residual endometrial implants have been reported in women treated post-hysterectomy with estrogen alone therapy. For patients known to have residual endometriosis post-hysterectomy, the addition of progestin should be considered. 10. Exacerbation of other conditions Estrogens may cause an exacerbation of asthma, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, migraine or porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepatic hemangiomas and should be used with caution in women with these conditions. Estradiol tablets 2 mg contain FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) which may cause allergic-type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible individuals. Although the overall incidence of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) sensitivity in the general population is low, it is frequently seen in patients who also have aspirin hypersensitivity. B.

Patient Information

Physicians are advised to discuss the PATIENT INFORMATION leaflet with patients for whom they prescribe estradiol tablets. C.

Laboratory Tests

Estrogen administration should be initiated at the lowest dose approved for the indication and then guided by clinical response rather than by serum hormone levels (e.g., estradiol, FSH). (See Error! Hyperlink reference not valid. section.) D.

Drug/Laboratory

Test Interactions 1. Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta-thromboglobulin; decreased levels of anti-factor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity. 2. Increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone, as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T 4 levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T 3 levels by radioimmunoassay. T 3 resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T 4 and free T 3 concentrations are unaltered. Patients on thyroid replacement therapy may require higher doses of thyroid hormone. 3. Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, i.e., corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), leading to increased circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). 4. Increased plasma HDL and HDL 2 subfraction concentrations, reduced LDL cholesterol concentration, increased triglycerides levels. 5. Impaired glucose tolerance. 6. Reduced response to metyrapone test. E. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term continuous administration of estrogen, with and without progestin, in women with and without a uterus, has shown an increased risk of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. (See BOXED WARNINGS , WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .) Long term continuous administration of natural and synthetic estrogens in certain animal species increases the frequency of carcinomas of the breast, uterus, cervix, vagina, testis, and liver. F.

Pregnancy

Category X Estradiol tablets should not be used during pregnancy. (See CONTRAINDICATIONS . ) G.

Nursing Mothers

Estrogen administration to nursing mothers has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the milk. Detectable amounts of estrogens have been identified in the milk of mothers receiving this drug. Caution should be exercised when estradiol is administered to a nursing woman. H.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Large and repeated doses of estrogen over an extended period of time have been shown to accelerate epiphyseal closure, resulting in short adult stature if treatment is initiated before the completion of physiologic puberty in normally developing children. In patients in whom bone growth is not complete, periodic monitoring of bone maturation and effects on epiphyseal centers is recommended. Estrogen treatment of prepubertal children also induces premature breast development and vaginal cornification, and may potentially induce vaginal bleeding in girls. In boys, estrogen treatment may modify the normal pubertal process. All other physiological and adverse reactions shown to be associated with estrogen treatment of adults could potentially occur in the pediatric population, including thromboembolic disorders and growth stimulation of certain tumors. Therefore, estrogens should only be administered to pediatric patients when clearly indicated and the lowest effective dose should always be utilized. I.

Geriatric Use

The safety and efficacy of estradiol tablets in geriatric patients has not been established. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greatest frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study, including 4,532 women 65 years of age and older, followed for an average of 4 years, 82% (n = 3,729) were 65 to 74 while 18% (n = 803) were 75 and over. Most women (80%) had no prior hormone therapy use. Women treated with conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate were reported to have a two-fold increase in the risk of developing probable dementia. Alzheimer’s disease was the most common classification of probable dementia in both the conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate group and the placebo group. Ninety percent of the cases of probable dementia occurred in the 54% of women that were older than 70. (See WARNINGS, Dementia . ) It is unknown whether these findings apply to estrogen alone therapy.

D. Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions 1. Accelerated prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and platelet aggregation time; increased platelet count; increased factors II, VII antigen, VIII antigen, VIII coagulant activity, IX, X, XII, VII-X complex, II-VII-X complex, and beta-thromboglobulin; decreased levels of anti-factor Xa and antithrombin III, decreased antithrombin III activity; increased levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen activity; increased plasminogen antigen and activity. 2. Increased thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) leading to increased circulating total thyroid hormone levels, as measured by protein-bound iodine (PBI), T 4 levels (by column or by radioimmunoassay) or T 3 levels by radioimmunoassay. T 3 resin uptake is decreased, reflecting the elevated TBG. Free T 4 and free T 3 concentrations are unaltered. Women on thyroid replacement therapy may require higher dose of thyroid hormone. 3. Other binding proteins may be elevated in serum, i.e., corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), leading to increased total circulating corticosteroids and sex steroids, respectively. Free hormone concentrations, such as testosterone and estradiol, may be decreased. Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). 4. Increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL 2 cholesterol subfraction concentrations, reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration, increased triglycerides levels. 5. Impaired glucose tolerance.

DRUG FACTS Active Ingredients Micronizrd Progesterone USP (Wild Yam) 6% Micronizrd Estriol USP (Wild Yam) 1% Micronizrd Estradiol USP (Wild Yam) .24% Micronizrd Dhea USP (Wild Yam) .06%

Purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin, Aloe Vera Gel, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride,Stearic Acid,Olive Oil, Coconut Oil, Shea Butter, Sunflower Lecithin, Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), Stearyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Palmitate,Allantoin,Carbomer, Sodium Bicarbonate, Herbal-Active (Natural Preservstive)